Which AI detectors publish a model card or technical report? The eight cards with a dated, sized document, and the 34 with a claim instead
Eight of the 72 AI detectors in the index publish a model card or technical report, taking that to mean a document that names the model version or date, the test set and its size, and the metric measured, by the vendor claim fields of every card and the vendor benchmarks record read 9 November 2026: Pangram's model cards for Pangram 4.1 (19 October 2026) and Pangram 4 (29 July 2026) and its 2024 technical report (pangram.com, read 9 November 2026), GPTZero's benchmarking page for model 4.3b (5 February 2026, updated 20 July 2026) (gptzero.me, read 9 November 2026), Copyleaks' testing methodology page for model V11 (test date 10 September 2026) (copyleaks.com, read 8 November 2026), Resemble Detect's benchmarks page (last updated August 2026) (resemble.ai, read 9 November 2026), and the papers behind SynthID, DetectGPT, GLTR and the GPT-2 Output Detector. Twenty-five of the 72 cards state a numeric accuracy or detection rate of their own, by the same fields read 9 November 2026 in the data file, so 17 of those figures stand on a page that names no model version, test set or size.
A model card is the vendor's own account of what was measured, on what, and when, and it is read here as that: a dated claim with a base, never a study result. The claim vs evidence gap ranking is where a vendor's number meets the records that tested the same tool, and the published test data question asks the narrower question of whether the test texts themselves can be downloaded. Rows name the document, its type, the date it carries, the model it describes and the base it reports, with the URL and read date. This page is one of the questions answered from the index; the AI detector register carries every card.
| Detector | Document | Type | Date on the document | Model and base reported | URL | Read date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pangram | Pangram 4.1 Model Card; Pangram 4 Model Card; Technical Report on the Pangram AI-Generated Text Classifier | Model cards and arXiv technical report | 19 October 2026; 29 July 2026; 29 July 2024 (v3) | Pangram 4.1: 70 of 781,981 human FineWeb texts flagged, 1,899 of 520,000 AI generations missed; Pangram 4: 41 of 1,000,000; 2024 report: 1,976 documents, 8 LLMs | pangram.com; pangram.com; arXiv 2402.14873 | 9 November 2026 |
| GPTZero | GPTZero AI Detection Benchmarking; technology page | Vendor benchmarking report | 5 February 2026, updated 20 July 2026 | Model 4.3b: 0.08% false positive rate and 99.60% recall over 4,000 human and 4,000 AI texts in four domains | gptzero.me; gptzero.me | 9 November 2026 |
| Copyleaks | AI Detector testing methodology | Vendor methodology page | Test date 10 September 2026, published 28 September 2026 | Model V11: 923 of 326,120 human texts flagged as AI (human-only total accuracy 0.9970); sensitivity table Balanced 0.30% false positives | copyleaks.com | 8 November 2026 |
| Resemble Detect | Benchmarks page | Vendor benchmark page | Last updated August 2026 | DETECT-World: 0.4% audio false negative rate on 4,524 files; 95.8% on 1,000 image files; 98.2% on 1,000 video files; "99.5% Pooled detection accuracy, Podonos Audio DFD Bench" | resemble.ai | 9 November 2026 |
| SynthID | Scalable watermarking for identifying large language model outputs, Nature 634, 818 to 823 | Peer-reviewed paper by the vendor's authors | 23 October 2024 | SynthID-Text: detectability as true positive rate at a fixed 1% false positive rate on the authors' own watermarked and unwatermarked Gemma and Gemini outputs | DOI 10.1038/s41586-024-08025-4 | 9 November 2026 |
| DetectGPT | DetectGPT: Zero-Shot Machine-Generated Text Detection using Probability Curvature | Research paper (the tool is the paper's method) | January 2023 | AUROC 0.97 on XSum, 0.92 on SQuAD, 0.97 on WritingPrompts across five open models, 500 samples each; 0.84 and 0.77 on GPT-3 and Jurassic-2 Jumbo for PubMedQA | arXiv 2301.11305 | 9 November 2026 |
| GLTR | GLTR: Statistical Detection and Visualization of Generated Text | Research paper (ACL 2019 demo) | June 2019 | Human-subjects study: detection rate of fake text raised from 54% to 72% with the annotation; GPT-2 117M backend | arXiv 1906.04043 | 9 November 2026 |
| GPT-2 Output Detector | RoBERTa base OpenAI detector model card; GPT-2 1.5B release post | Hugging Face model card and release post | 5 November 2019 | RoBERTa fine-tuned on 5,000 WebText and 5,000 GPT-2 samples of 510 tokens per the model card; "detection rates of ~95%" for 1.5B GPT-2 text per the release post | huggingface.co; openai.com | 9 November 2026 |
Documents as each card or the vendor benchmarks record cites them, read on the date shown; every figure is the vendor's or the authors' own.
Which AI detector vendors publish a model card?
One, in the strict sense: Pangram, whose model cards for Pangram 4 and Pangram 4.1 carry a version, a date, named evaluation sets with sizes and a stated calibration target, "roughly 1 in 10,000" false positives (pangram.com, read 9 November 2026). The 4.1 card changed the headline rate from 41 in 1,000,000 to 70 in 781,981 between July and October 2026 because the FineWeb test set was cleaned of "spam, advertising and programmatically generated documents", which the vendor benchmarks record notes is a change of test set and not only of model. GPTZero's benchmarking page does the same work under another name: it states the model, 4.3b, the construction of four English sets of 1,000 human and 1,000 AI texts, the generators used and the binarisation rule, and it says three of the four sets cannot be published (gptzero.me, read 9 November 2026). Copyleaks' methodology page states model V11, a test date of 10 September 2026 and 326,120 human texts, of which 923 were flagged (copyleaks.com, read 8 November 2026). Resemble Detect's benchmarks page states file counts for audio, image and video and a third-party audio benchmark, Podonos, with competitors' figures beside its own (resemble.ai, read 9 November 2026). A fifth company, OpenAI, published a dated account of a detector it no longer runs: the 31 January 2023 announcement of its AI Text Classifier reported 26% of AI text caught and 9% of human text flagged on an unsized English challenge set, and the same page carries the withdrawal of 20 July 2023 (openai.com, read 8 November 2026; OpenAI classifier record). It has no card because the tool is gone, so it sits in this paragraph and not in the table.
The wider question, which vendors publish any dated record of model changes, is answered on the model changelogs view, added 10 November 2026: 10 cards, from Turnitin's model release notes and Copyleaks' release notes to Compilatio's what's-new entry of 5 November 2026, with the latest dated entry read on each page.
Which detectors are described in a research paper?
Four, and in three of them the paper is the product. DetectGPT is a method from a January 2023 paper by Mitchell, Lee, Khazatsky, Manning and Finn at Stanford, which reports AUROC on 500 samples per dataset for five open models and publishes no accuracy percentage or false positive rate, because AUROC is threshold-free (arXiv 2301.11305, read 9 November 2026). GLTR is the 2019 demo paper by Gehrmann, Strobelt and Rush, whose one quantified claim is that its colouring raised human detection of fake text from 54% to 72% in a human-subjects study (arXiv 1906.04043, read 9 November 2026). The GPT-2 Output Detector is the RoBERTa classifier OpenAI released with the 1.5B GPT-2 model on 5 November 2019, with "detection rates of ~95%" in the release post and a Hugging Face model card that gives the training and evaluation sets (openai.com; huggingface.co, read 9 November 2026). SynthID is different in kind: the Nature paper by Dathathri and colleagues at Google DeepMind describes a watermark embedded at generation and measures how detectable it is at a fixed 1% false positive rate on the authors' own outputs, so it reports on text the vendor's models wrote, not on text found in the wild (DOI 10.1038/s41586-024-08025-4, read 9 November 2026). The open-source view lists the three of these four whose code is public.
What do the other 34 vendors publish instead?
A number without a base, a base without a date, or no number. By the vendor claim field of each card read 9 November 2026 in the data file, 17 of the 34 state a numeric accuracy or detection rate of their own and 17 state none, quoting a competitor's benchmark, a disclaimer or a superlative instead. Several name a dataset without its size on the pages read: Originality.ai's 5.0 launch post of 25 October 2026 gives recall on the "UChicago Booth AI" and "Epoch AI" sets (originality.ai, read 8 November 2026), Winston AI's home page states "zero false positives across 27,743 human documents in published evaluations" (gowinston.ai, read 8 November 2026), Proofademic's research page, published May 2026, states an accuracy range of 97.6% to 99.9% "across the eight evaluated model families" (proofademic.ai, read 8 November 2026), and Illuminarty's release post of 18 March 2023 gives validation accuracy "within our collected dataset" (illuminarty.ai, read 9 November 2026). Three cards cite RAID, a public benchmark, for their figure (QuillBot, Grammarly, Winston AI), which the leaderboard question covers from the leaderboard side. Turnitin publishes a false positive rate on 700,000 to 800,000 pre-ChatGPT papers and no accuracy figure, which the Turnitin claims record sets out; it is listed below because no document names the model version or a test date.
Cards with no model card or sized technical report
| Detector | What the vendor claim field records | Source | Read date |
|---|---|---|---|
| QuillBot | "99% detection rate", citing evaluations from RAID | quillbot.com | 8 November 2026 |
| Grammarly | "99% detection accuracy", citing a first place on RAID | grammarly.com | 8 November 2026 |
| Scribbr | "we can't guarantee 100% accuracy"; the vendor's own research found 84% for the best premium tool | scribbr.com | 8 November 2026 |
| Winston AI | "zero false positives across 27,743 human documents in published evaluations"; 99.89% of AI text at a 1% false positive rate | gowinston.ai | 8 November 2026 |
| Phrasly | 99.8% for accuracy, no sample | phrasly.ai | 8 November 2026 |
| Sapling | "Accuracy varies with the dataset, text length, and decision threshold"; no single figure | sapling.ai | 8 November 2026 |
| JustDone | 80% overall, 98% on academic texts, 10.3% error rate, labelled "Independently benchmarked" | justdone.com | 8 November 2026 |
| Originality.ai | 99%+ (accuracy) for 5.0 and 5.0 Max; recall 97.69% and 98.00% on UChicago Booth AI, 99.33% on Epoch AI, no sizes | originality.ai | 8 November 2026 |
| ZeroGPT | 98.4% detection accuracy, "35+ LLM families" | zerogpt.com | 8 November 2026 |
| Proofademic | 97.6% to 99.9% across eight model families, research page of May 2026; 92.9% sentence-level F1 | proofademic.ai | 8 November 2026 |
| Walter Writes | "No AI detector can guarantee 100% accuracy"; no numeric figure | walterwrites.ai | 8 November 2026 |
| Hive | "Industry-leading model performance"; a 2024 study cited, no figure of its own | thehive.ai | 8 November 2026 |
| Turnitin | False positive rate under 1% on over 700,000 pre-ChatGPT papers; no accuracy figure, no model version or test date | guides.turnitin.com | 8 November 2026 |
| AIDetectPlus | No accuracy figure | aidetectplus.com | 9 November 2026 |
| Codequiry | Model v3e "catches 90% of AI/GPT-written code and falsely flags 1.3%", no sample size | codequiry.com | 9 November 2026 |
| WasItAI | "advanced algorithms ... a vast database"; no figure | wasitai.com | 9 November 2026 |
| Reality Defender | "1-99% probability rating"; no accuracy or false positive figure | realitydefender.com | 9 November 2026 |
| Writer | "very low number of false positives"; no figure; detector withdrawn 22 December 2025 | archived writer.com disclaimer | 9 November 2026 |
| Undetectable AI | "99%+ Accuracy", citing outside tests it does not name; no sample | undetectable.ai | 9 November 2026 |
| AI or Not | "98.9% accuracy" via API, no sample | aiornot.com | 9 November 2026 |
| Grammarly Authorship | No accuracy rate; a process record, not a classifier | grammarly.com | 9 November 2026 |
| Turnitin Clarity | No accuracy rate; the Writing Report records process metrics | guides.turnitin.com | 9 November 2026 |
| Smodin | 99.8% (accuracy), 99% on human text; no sample, date or dataset | smodin.io | 9 November 2026 |
| BrandWell | "proprietary tech stack that works deeper than a generic AI classifier"; no figure on the archived page | archived brandwell.ai page | 9 November 2026 |
| Surfer | "one of the best AI detector, known for its accuracy"; no rate | surfer.ai | 9 November 2026 |
| Compilatio | "Reliability Between 94% and 99%" on academic content, no sample | support.compilatio.net | 9 November 2026 |
| Quetext | "highly accurate in testing"; no rate, sample or date | quetext.com | 9 November 2026 |
| TruthScan | "99%+ Detection Accuracy" for custom tuned enterprise models; no sample | truthscan.com | 9 November 2026 |
| Sightengine | "highest accuracy among the tools tested" in a cited 80,000-image university benchmark; no figure of its own | sightengine.com | 9 November 2026 |
| Deepware | No accuracy figure; the FAQ points to a GitHub page that holds none | deepware.ai | 9 November 2026 |
| Sensity | "The Most Accurate Deepfake Detection Solution"; no percentage | sensity.ai | 9 November 2026 |
| Copyleaks Codeleaks | 99.8% (accuracy) in the launch release of 9 November 2023; no sample, dataset or date for the figure | copyleaks.com | 9 November 2026 |
| Illuminarty | Release post of 18 March 2023: validation accuracy 97.5% binary, 96% model identification, "within our collected dataset", no size | illuminarty.ai | 9 November 2026 |
| Pindrop Pulse | "99% (accuracy) against known engines", footnoted to "Pindrop Product Data, 2024"; a 20 million sample proprietary dataset named for Pulse for Meetings | pindrop.com | 9 November 2026 |
Claims as the vendor claim field of each card quotes them from the page linked, read on the date shown; 8 + 34 = 72, counted 9 November 2026 in the data file.
A model card tells a reader what the vendor measured and on what, and the eight that exist were all written by the people selling or publishing the detector.
Questions about AI detector model cards
Does any AI detector have a model card?
1 vendor publishes documents titled model card, Pangram, for Pangram 4 (29 July 2026) and Pangram 4.1 (19 October 2026), each with a version, named evaluation sets and their sizes (pangram.com, read 9 November 2026). 7 more cards have a dated, sized technical document of another kind, from GPTZero's benchmarking page to the Nature paper behind SynthID.
Does GPTZero publish a technical report?
1 benchmarking page, dated 5 February 2026 and updated 20 July 2026, names model 4.3b and four English sets of 1,000 human and 1,000 AI texts each, with a false positive rate of 0.08% and recall of 99.60% averaged across them (gptzero.me, read 9 November 2026). 3 of the 4 sets are not published.
Does Turnitin have a model card?
0 model cards: Turnitin publishes a document false positive rate under 1% validated on over 700,000 pre-ChatGPT papers, and no model version, test date, true positive rate or accuracy figure, by its FAQ read 8 November 2026 (guides.turnitin.com); its release notes list model changes through 14 October 2026 without a number.
How many AI detectors publish any accuracy figure?
25 of 72 cards state a numeric accuracy or detection rate of their own, read 9 November 2026 in the data file, and 8 of those stand on a document that also names the model and the test set size. 17 state none of their own, among them Turnitin, which publishes only a false positive rate, and Scribbr, which quotes figures for other tools.
Are the papers behind DetectGPT and GLTR model cards?
0 of the 2 are model cards; both are research papers whose method is the tool: DetectGPT's January 2023 paper reports AUROC on 500 samples per dataset (arXiv 2301.11305, read 9 November 2026) and GLTR's June 2019 paper reports a human detection rate raised from 54% to 72% (arXiv 1906.04043, read 9 November 2026). Both name the model, the data and the metric, which is the test this page applies.
Sources
All read 9 November 2026 unless an earlier date is shown; the source of every row is linked in the tables.
- Pangram 4.1 and Pangram 4 model cards: https://www.pangram.com/research/model-card/pangram-4-1 and https://www.pangram.com/research/model-card/pangram-4
- Emi and Spero 2024, Technical Report on the Pangram AI-Generated Text Classifier: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.14873
- GPTZero AI Detection Benchmarking and technology page: https://gptzero.me/news/gptzero-ai-detection-benchmarking-the-industry-standard-in-accuracy-transparency-and-fairness/ and https://gptzero.me/technology
- Copyleaks AI Detector testing methodology: https://copyleaks.com/ai-detector/testing-methodology (read 8 November 2026)
- Resemble AI benchmarks: https://www.resemble.ai/benchmarks
- Dathathri et al. 2024, Nature 634, 818 to 823: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08025-4
- Mitchell et al. 2023, DetectGPT: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.11305
- Gehrmann, Strobelt and Rush 2019, GLTR: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.04043
- RoBERTa base OpenAI detector model card: https://huggingface.co/openai-community/roberta-base-openai-detector
- OpenAI, GPT-2 1.5B release: https://openai.com/index/gpt-2-1-5b-release/
- OpenAI, New AI classifier for indicating AI-written text: https://openai.com/index/new-ai-classifier-for-indicating-ai-written-text/ (read 8 November 2026)
- Turnitin AI writing detection FAQs: https://guides.turnitin.com/hc/en-us/articles/28477544839821-Turnitin-s-AI-writing-detection-capabilities-FAQs (read 8 November 2026)
- Originality.ai, Introducing Originality 5.0 and Max: https://originality.ai/blog/introducing-originality-5-0-and-max (read 8 November 2026)
- Winston AI home page: https://gowinston.ai/ (read 8 November 2026)
- Proofademic AI text detector: https://proofademic.ai/ai-text-detector/ (read 8 November 2026)
- Illuminarty release post, 18 March 2023: https://illuminarty.ai/en/posts/big-spring-update.html
- Every other row's source is the vendor claim source recorded on its card, linked in the second table
Revision log: 2026-11-09: page created from the vendor claim fields of 42 cards and the vendor benchmarks record at index version 2026.11.8; 2026-11-10: model changelogs view linked
Related pages: What input languages does Turnitin's AI detection cover? Seven, added from April 2023 to 2026, with paraphrase detection in English only, Which AI detectors let you delete your submitted text? The 17 that state a deletion route, the 10 that say nothing is kept, and the 15 that state neither, AI detector accuracy claims vs published results, ranked by the gap and Questions about AI detectors, answered from the index.